Is the Gospel of John History or Theology?

Over the years, biblical scholars have challenged the historicity of the canonical gospels on a number of fronts.  But, no gospel has taken it on the chin like the Gospel of John.  Ever since Clement of Alexandria’s famous statement that the gospel of John was “a spiritual Gospel” (recorded in Eusebius, Hist. eccl. 6.14.7) critics have suggested that John has very little to do with history and has much more to do with theology.

The reasons for such critiques of John are not difficult to find.  John writes the story of Jesus in a lengthy, drawn-out style, (quite different than the pithy language of the Synoptics), he includes unique …

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